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[16] However, the name appears to have been invented by a comic poet: the name "Kerkylas" comes from the word "κέρκος" (kerkos), a possible meaning of which is "penis", and is not otherwise attested as a name,[41] while "Andros", as well as being the name of a Greek island, is a form of the Greek word "ἀνήρ" (aner), which means man. Ea a condus un fel de școală (sau cerc dacă vreți) pe nume "Casa Muzelor" pentru tinerele nobile, școală care a fost pusă sub patronajul Muzelor, Grațiilor și a Afroditei. The Suda mentions the names of all three brothers. Demetrios, în "Tratatul despre stil" (167), a remarcat că, în seria cântecelor de nuntă arta poetei variază simțitor față de maniera ei obișnuită, străbătută de un intens lirism. [49] However, the papyrus tradition suggests that this may not have been the case: a series of papyri published in 2014 contains fragments of ten consecutive poems from Book I of the Alexandrian edition of Sappho, of which only two are certainly love poems, while at least three and possibly four are primarily concerned with family. ἔκλυε ς πάτρο ς δὲ δόμον λίποισα. La Mort de Sappho; France, 1843 Series: L'Histoire ancienne Periodical: Le Charivari, 4 January 1843 Prints; lithographs Lithograph Sheet: 9 5/16 x 7 5/16 in. [61], According to legend, Sappho's poetry was lost because the church disapproved of her morals. ‘The Death of Sappho’ was created in 1876 by Gustave Moreau in Symbolism style. Principala ei compoziție, în acest domeniu, este destinată nunții lui Hector și Andromaca, dar autentificarea poemului este contestată. [28] In the Tithonus poem she describes her hair as now white but formerly melaina, i.e. Today, most of it has been lost. Sappho restrânge tematica odei la cercul propriilor ei vicsitudini, dovedin, odată în plus că și în domeniul poeziei publice domină interesul ei personal. L-a cunoscut pe Alceu. Influențele metrului Safic asupra poeziei mondiale, British Museum person-institution thesaurus, Quintino Cataudella, "Saffo fr. Sappho (/ ˈ s æ f oʊ /; Greek: Σαπφώ Sapphō [sap.pʰɔ̌ː]; Aeolic Greek Ψάπφω Psápphō; c. 630 – c. 570 BCE) was an Archaic Greek poet from the island of Lesbos. 258 K) suggested that Sappho killed herself by jumping off the Leucadian cliffs for love of Phaon, a ferryman. In the 16th century, members of La Pléiade, a circle of French poets, were influenced by her to experiment with Sapphic stanzas and with writing love-poetry with a first-person female voice. Ca și Arhiloh urmând tradiția poetică urmată de Terpandru, Sappho acordă o deosebită grijă înfățișării stilistice și metrice a poemelor ce le compunea cu diferite ocazii: serbări religioase, căsătorii, ocazii festive, etc . [12][13], Little is known about Sappho's life for certain. În curând cea care fuge acum de tine te va urmării, și, dacă nu te iubește, te va iubii." Chiar dacă tradiția manuscriptelor nu s-a mai păstrat, câteva copii ale lucrărilor ei au fost descoperite într-un papirus egiptean dintr-o perioadă mai veche. Poezia, precum cea a lui Sappho, (care se bazează pe metrul safic) este de exemplu greu de tradus în Engleză care folosește metre bazate pe accentuare și rimă pe când Greaca Antică folosește doar metre bazate pe lungimea versurilor. J.-C., à Mytilène sur l'île de Lesbos. Dans ce travail, qui s’appuie sur une recherche originale et un matériel d’archives déjà constitué, nous nous pencherons sur le cas de la constantinopolitaine d’origine chypriote Sappho Léondias, et sur les domaines dans lesquelles elle a déployé son activité : presse, enseignement, lettres. Dar, conform concepției curente, Sappho nu desparte noțiunea frumosului de cea a binelui: "cine este frumos, este frumos pe dinafară;/cine este bun nu va întârzia să devină și frumos." Într-o altă odă - adaptată într-o limbă latină desăvârșită de Catul, marele admirator al poetei - revărsarea de pasiune descrisă sub aspectul fizic, cu elemente puternic contrastante, impresionează și astăzi, așa cum a impresionat și pe autorul care a scris "Tratatul despre Sublim". [119] In these interpretations, Sappho was involved in the ritual education of girls,[119] for instance as a trainer of choruses of girls. Poate uneia dintre aceste rivale i se adresează următoarele rânduri închinate de către Sappho: "unei femei needucate" : " când vei fi murit, vei zace pe veci, fără ca cineva să-și aducă aminte de tine; tu n-ai avut niciodată parte de trandafirii Pieirii; fără renume aici, tot așa vei rămâne și în Hades, rătăcind încolo și încoace printre morții necunoscuți". Sappho also began to be regarded as a role model for campaigners for women's rights, beginning with works such as Caroline Norton's The Picture of Sappho. [40], According to the Suda, Sappho was married to Kerkylas of Andros. [84], Leslie Kurke groups Sappho with those archaic Greek poets from what has been called the "élite" ideological tradition,[h] which valued luxury (habrosyne) and high birth. [166], From the beginning of the 19th century, women poets such as Felicia Hemans (The Last Song of Sappho) and Letitia Elizabeth Landon (Sketch the First. The 3rd-century philosopher Maximus of Tyre wrote that Sappho was "small and dark" and that her relationships to … Persuasiunea pe cine vrei să convingă? Malgré Hérodote, il existe donc un ensemble de sources qui concordent sur le fait que Sappho vivait aux alentours des années 620-591, et l'on peut penser qu'elle serait née vers 630 av. The most Sappho families were found in the USA in 1880. Classic Mini Cooper electric Volvo Sport P 1900. [11] Some details mentioned in the testimonia are derived from Sappho's own poetry, which is of great interest, especially considering the testimonia originate from a time when more of Sappho's poetry was extant than is the case for modern readers. [135] Beyond poetry, Plato cites Sappho in his Phaedrus, and Socrates' second speech on love in that dialogue appears to echo Sappho's descriptions of the physical effects of desire in fragment 31. [j][94] However, she has not always been so considered. [144], From the fourth century BCE, ancient works portray Sappho as a tragic heroine, driven to suicide by her unrequited love for Phaon. West comments on the translation of this word, "'Loveliness' is an inadequate translation of, Other musical inventions attributed to Sappho in antiquity include the, "Sappho: New Poem No. Herodotus, the oldest source of the story, reports that Charaxus ransomed Rhodopis for a large sum and that Sappho wrote a poem rebuking him for this. [97] These ancient authors do not appear to have believed that Sappho did, in fact, have sexual relationships with other women, and as late as the tenth century the Suda records that Sappho was "slanderously accused" of having sexual relationships with her "female pupils". [50] Some time in the second or third century, Alexandrian scholars produced a critical edition of Sappho's poetry. Autres résolutions : 320 × 175 pixels | 640 × 350 pixels | 1 024 × 560 pixels | 1 799 × 984 pixels . (23.65 x 18.57 cm) Gift of Mrs. Florence Victor from The David and Florence Victor Collection (M.91.82.152) Prints and Drawings; 1843date QS:P571,+1843-00-00T00:00:00Z/9; -Image ID: TX7R0J Adonis, sau o altă divinitate asemănătoare, a fost cântat și sub numele de Phaon (sau Faon). [7], Testimonia is a term of art in ancient studies that refers to collections of classical biographical and literary references to classical authors. Parker argues that Sappho should be considered as part of a group of female friends for whom she would have performed, just as her contemporary Alcaeus is. (If the life and death of Socrates are those of a wise man, the life and death of Jesus are those of a God), a quote from Rousseau's Émile ou De l'éducation of 1762. In this case, the “secret” was the discovery on a fragment of papyrus of two new poems by the seventh-century BC Greek poetess, Sappho. [38] Not all scholars accept that Cleïs was Sappho's daughter. Elle serait née vers 630 av. J.-C. Aucun auteur ne donne d'indication sur la date de sa mort [22]. În lirica universală, au fost poeți care au încercat să scrie versuri în metrul safic (la noi Mihai Eminescu). Many of the surviving fragments of Sappho contain only a single word[46] – for example, fragment 169A is simply a word meaning "wedding gifts",[68] and survives as part of a dictionary of rare words. Este probabil ca poezia lui Sappho să se fi pierdut datorită acțiunii aceleași forțe de schimbare culturală care a distrus, cu sânge rece, rămășițele tuturor poeți greci canonici arhaici. Little is known of Sappho's life. Sappho was a prolific poet, probably composing around 10,000 lines. In the seventh century after the founding of Naucratis, about 650 B.C., many Mytilenaeans migrated to Naucratis and engaged in trade in wine and other products. Un papirus a dezvăluit totuși, că poeta ar fi cântat, uneori, și teme comune cu cele a lui Alceu, cum ar fi, de pildă alegoria corăbii surprinse de furtună în largul mării. [145], While Sappho's poetry was admired in the ancient world, her character was not always so well considered. Mississippi had the highest population of Sappho … [42] This may have been as a result of her family's involvement with the conflicts between political elites on Lesbos in this period,[43] the same reason for the exile of Sappho's contemporary Alcaeus from Mytilene around the same time. "[92] Against this essentially romantic view, one school of more recent critics argues that, on the contrary, Sappho's poetry displays and depends for its effect on a sophisticated deployment of the strategies of traditional Greek rhetorical genres – so that it seems spontaneous, whilst actually being very crafted. [142][l] The earliest known ancient comedy to take Sappho as its main subject was the early-fifth or late-fourth century BCE Sappho by Ameipsias, though nothing is known of it apart from its name. Strofa ei preferată a primit numele de "safică"; în cântecele de nuntă, caracterizate prin refrenuri scurte, săltărețe, apar vădite influențe de ritmică populară sub forma unor strigături. [162] The modern debate on Sappho's sexuality began in the 19th century, with Welcker publishing, in 1816, an article defending Sappho from charges of prostitution and lesbianism, arguing that she was chaste[138] – a position which would later be taken up by Wilamowitz at the end of the 19th and Henry Thornton Wharton at the beginning of the 20th centuries. Fichier d’origine ‎ (1 799 × 984 pixels, taille du fichier : … În lirica românească Mihai Eminescu a compus binecunoscuta "Odă în metrul antic", căreia i-a oferit un conținut filosofic diferit de opera lui Sappho. Sapho, de son vrai nom Danielle Ebguy est une artiste franco-marocaine née le 10 janvier 1950 à Marrakech. She was a popular character in ancient Athenian comedy,[95] and at least six separate comedies called Sappho are known. [104] By 1970, it would be argued that the same poem contained "proof positive of [Sappho's] lesbianism". Evidence suggests that she had several brothers, married a wealthy man named Cercylas, and had a daughter named Cleis. [52] There may have been more than one Alexandrian edition – John J. Winkler argues for two, one edited by Aristophanes of Byzantium and another by his pupil Aristarchus of Samothrace. Sappho (Σаπφω(lb.greaca), Safo sau Psappha), poetă din Lesbos, care a trăit la sfârșitul secolului al VII-lea Î.Hr. [83] An example is found in fragment 111, where Sappho writes that "The groom approaches like Ares [...] Much bigger than a big man". [82] Sappho's poetry often uses hyperbole, according to ancient critics "because of its charm". In 1508 Aldus Manutius printed an edition of Dionysius of Halicarnassus, which contained Sappho 1, the "Ode to Aphrodite", and the first printed edition of Longinus' On the Sublime, complete with his quotation of Sappho 31, appeared in 1554. Son oeuvre littéraire marque l'apogée du mouvement précieux. to an aristocratic family on the Greek island of Lesbos. An “Oxford secret” is supposed to be a secret you tell one person at a time. Faptul este confirmat de Ovidiu (Heroides), precum și de o biografie anonimă, descifrată de pe un papirus. In 1566, the French printer Robert Estienne produced an edition of the Greek lyric poets which contained around 40 fragments attributed to Sappho. [56] Ancient editions of Sappho, possibly starting with the Alexandrian edition, seem to have ordered the poems in at least the first book of Sappho's poetry – which contained works composed in Sapphic stanzas – alphabetically. fr. Sir, The fragments of Sappho's poetry are conventionally referred to by fragment number, though some also have one or more common names. "Émile si la vie et la mort de Socrate sont d'un sage, la vie et la mort de Jesus sont d'un Dieu." Apparently Sappho came from one of the leading noble families in Mytilene, and, although she herself never mentions politics, tradition has it that her family was briefly exiled to Sicily sh… Her poetry was well-known and greatly admired through much of antiquity, and she was among the canon of Nine Lyric Poets most highly esteemed by scholars of Hellenistic Alexandria. Given as Sappho's father in the Oxyrhynchus Biography, Suda, a scholion on Plato's. 1 Elle est née et décédée à Constantinople. [148] By the third century CE, the difference between Sappho's literary reputation as a poet and her moral reputation as a woman had become so significant that the suggestion that there were in fact two Sapphos began to develop. De exemplu cărturarii moderni au notat ecouri ale lui Sappho printre versurile poeziei lui :Despre Natura Umană, care copiază din qvasi-sacrul accent a lui Sappho (alsos), ramurile bătute de vânt, și surprinzătorul cuvânt pentru somn adânc (kōma).[9]. Pentru Sappho însă, lucrul "cel mai prețios" ar fi să revadă "mersul grațios și fața de lumină" a Anactoriei, care acum se află departe. [147] Horace called her "mascula Sappho" in his Epistles, which the later Porphyrio commented was "either because she is famous for her poetry, in which men more often excel, or because she is maligned for having been a tribad". Among her famous poetic forebears were Arion and Terpander. Totuși, cei mai mari gânditori și poeți din Roma Antincă au continuat să o slăvească și să compare mulți scriitori și poeți cu ea, iar din aceste comparații și descrieri noi am extras multe dintre poemele ei cele mai interesante. Son nom, Sappho, est connu dans l'Antiquité pour avoir été porté par des étrangers (c'est-à-dire des non-Grecs) et celui de son père, Scamandrônymos, est formé … She was sometimes referred to as "The Poetess", just as Homer was "The Poet". Este mai mult ca sigur, judecând ansamblul creației sale artistice, că Sappho nu iubea atât personalitatea tinerelor sale discipole, ale căror nume le cunoaștem destul de bine (Atthis, Anactoria, Gyrinna, Gongyla "cea ca un boboc de trandafir") cât și aspectul fizic al frumuseții lor, în plină înflorire. Notița biografică din lexiconul bizantin Suda susține că a fost căsătorită cu un cetățean bogat din Lesbos , Kerkylas, cu care a avut o fetiță Cleis (sau Kleïs), numită după mama poetei. Lesbos, Egeea de Nord, Grecia: Decedată: 570 î.Hr. [164] By the late 19th century, lesbian writers such as Michael Field and Amy Levy became interested in Sappho for her sexuality,[165] and by the turn of the twentieth century she was a sort of "patron saint of lesbians". Sappho was a lyric poet from the island of Lesbos who lived in Archaic Greece. Whilst her importance as a poet is confirmed from the earliest times, all interpretations of her work have been coloured and influenced by discussions of her sexuality. Într-un splendid poem, Sappho, amintește de Elena, soția lui Menelau, care și-a părăsit tot ce avea mai de preț, căminul conjugal, învinsă de puterea dragostei. [23] Sappho's father is not mentioned in any of her surviving works, but Campbell suggests that this detail may have been based on a now-lost poem. A încercat să scrie și poezie epico-narativă. [70] Other fragments survive on other materials, including parchment and potsherds. Mult mai numeroase știri avem despre activitatea publică a lui Sappho. [134], Sappho's poetry also influenced other ancient authors. [46] She is best known for her lyric poetry, written to be accompanied by music. [117] None of Sappho's own poetry mentions her teaching, and the earliest testimonium to support the idea of Sappho as a teacher comes from Ovid, six centuries after Sappho's lifetime. [45], Sappho probably wrote around 10,000 lines of poetry; today, only about 650 survive. 5 (5) – 6 (5) Diehl,", Pagină Dedicată Înțelegerii Poeziei lui Sappho, https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sappho&oldid=14055064, Articole cu legături către elemente fără etichetă în limba română, Pagini ce folosesc citări cu dată a accesării dar fără URL, Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BIBSYS, Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori CINII, Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori ISNI, Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori LCCN, Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori MusicBrainz, Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SELIBR, Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SNAC-ID, Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SUDOC, Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori ULAN, Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori VIAF, Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori WorldCat-VIAF, Articole Wikipedia cu informații bibliotecare, Creative Commons cu atribuire și distribuire în condiții identice. Mele (adică Cântecele) compuse de Sapho, grupate de filologii alexandrini după criterii metrice, erau în majoritatea lor monodii. Ritmurile în care se exprimă Sappho sunt grațioase și variate. Divinitățile proslăvite în imnurile pe care le compunea la diferite ocazii, fac aproape toate parte din cortegiul Afroditei. [18][d] A fost măritată și a avut o fiică pe nume Cleis. [118] Despite these problems, many newer interpretations of Sappho's social role are still based on this idea. [22] The earliest and most commonly attested name for Sappho's father is Scamandronymus. . [73] By the end of the nineteenth century, Grenfell and Hunt had begun to excavate an ancient rubbish dump at Oxyrhynchus, leading to the discoveries of many previously unknown fragments of Sappho. [49], Sappho's poetry was probably first written down on Lesbos, either in her lifetime or shortly afterwards,[50] initially probably in the form of a score for performers of Sappho's work. [31][32][33] Some scholars dismiss this tradition as unreliable. The statue's inauguration took place on 24 February 1835, although the inscription on the pedestal gives the year as 1838. Puținele versuri rămase de la ea sprijină această apreciere. Alți traducători care i-au urmat tind să se ghideze după această metodă de traducere pentru a păstra măiestria poeziei safice chiar și în versuri traduse. Un motiv pentru care metrul safic a încetat să mai fie studiat a fost că Greaca Atică și Homerică erau principalele limbi de studiu. Quamquam carmina Sapphus temporibus antiquis … A tradition going back at least to Menander (Fr. [58], The earliest surviving manuscripts of Sappho, including the potsherd on which fragment 2 is preserved, date to the third century BCE, and thus predate the Alexandrian edition. [39] It has been suggested that Cleïs was one of Sappho's younger lovers, rather than her daughter,[39] though Judith Hallett argues that the language used in fragment 132 suggests that Sappho was referring to Cleïs as her daughter. Suprapunerea Adonis-Phaon stă la baza legendei care pretinde că poeta s-ar fi sinucis, în urma unei iubiri nefericite, aruncându-se de pe stânca Leucade (Ovidiu "Heroides"). Deși lucrările lui Sappho au rezistat bine și în timpurile Romane, împreună cu schimbarea intereselor, stilurilor și a esteticii munca ei a fost transcrisă tot mai puțin, în special după ce academiile au încetat să le ceară studenților să studieze metrul safic. In 1879, the first new discovery of a fragment of Sappho was made at Fayum. Gregory din Nazianzus, care împreună cu Papa Gregory al VII sunt prezentați ca și eroii negativi ai acestor povești, era un admirator al poeziei safice. Sappho's contemporary Alcaeus described her thus: "Violet-haired, pure, honey-smiling Sappho" (ἰόπλοκ᾽ ἄγνα μελλιχόμειδε Σάπφοι, fr. Sentimentul de iubire față de frumusețea gingașă a uneia sau a alteia dintre elevele sale revine în poezia safică sub multiple înfățișări.

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