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In an effort to discourage privateering from Algerian ports, a British fleet bombarded Algiers in 1816. La Kabylie, les Aurès, l'Algérois, les Hauts plateaux, la vallée du Mzab, le Gourara, le Hoggar, la Saoura, l'Oranie sont chacune des régions avec des particularités culturelles et parfois linguistiques. The reactionary vestiges and vices generated by colonial rule are exposed in these works. In the Charter of Trade Unions adopted by the congress, many theses of the Charter of Algeria were developed. Kouba, Algeria. Literature in French. À ces occasions, l'usage de pétards provoque des hospitalisations chaque année. After the establishment of political independence, Algeria set about overcoming its one-sided dependence on foreign markets and capital and strengthening the state monopoly on foreign ties. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository, historia de Argelia (es); Aljeriako historia (eu); Historia d'Arxelia (ast); История Алжира (ru); Geschichte Algeriens (de); Historia e Algjeris (sq); Историја Алжира (sr-ec); 阿尔及利亚历史 (zh); Algeriets historie (da); ალჟირის ისტორია (ka); 阿爾及利亞歷史 (zh-hk); Algeriets historia (sv); היסטוריה של אלג'יריה (he); 阿爾及利亞歷史 (zh-hant); 阿尔及利亚历史 (zh-cn); 阿尔及利亚历史 (wuu); Algerian historia (fi); historio de Alĝerio (eo); Историја на Алжир (mk); storia dell'Algeria (it); আলজেরিয়ার ইতিহাস (bn); histoire de l'Algérie (fr); 阿尔及利亚历史 (zh-hans); Cezayir tarihi (tr); Lịch sử Algérie (vi); Algeria historjá (se); Ìtàn ilẹ̀ Àlgéríà (yo); Dějiny Alžírska (cs); Istorija Alžira (sr-el); アルジェリアの歴史 (ja); história da Argélia (pt); Sejarah Algeria (ms); Alžyro istorija (lt); geschiedenis van Algerije (nl); història d'Algèria (ca); Historia ya Algeria (sw); 阿尔及利亚历史 (zh-sg); Historio di Aljeria (io); historia Algierii (pl); Algeries historie (nb); 阿爾及利亞歷史 (zh-tw); Историја Алжира (sr); Історія Алжиру (uk); Ալժիրի պատմություն (hy); Algeria historjá (smn); history of Algeria (en); تاريخ الجزائر (ar); Storia de l'Algeria (vec); Algeria historia (sms) storia del territorio dello stato o della civiltà (it); ইতিহাসের বিভিন্ন দিক (bn); Wikimedia-Geschichts-Artikel (de); dějiny afrického státu Alžírska (cs); aspect of history (en); الماضي السحيق (ar); 特定历史 (zh); аспект історії (uk) アルジェリア史 (ja); histoire de l’Algérie, histoire Algérie, histoire d'algérie, histoire de l'Algerie (fr); Historia e Shteteve - Algjeria (sq); بلدية حيدرة (ar); Alžírské dějiny (cs); History of Algeria (yo), Buildings in Algeria by year of completion, A moorish berber man living in the hammadid dynasty.png, Acte de naissance Alphonse Pierre Juin 16 décembre 1888 Bône Algérie.jpg, Algeria, pannello decorativo in seta, xviii secolo.jpg, Algerian man wearing kaftan قفطان جزائري.jpg, Algerian telemcenien caftan القفطان التلمساني الجزائري.jpg, Algerisk solfjäder av strutsfjädrar, 1700-tal - Livrustkammaren - 110466.tif, Algiers. A constituent assembly chosen in late 1962 established a strong presidential government, and in Sept., 1963, Ben Bella was elected president. The masters of the realistic school, who express in their works the struggle for liberation and the life of the Algerian people, include the painters and graphic artists H. Benaboura, B. Yelles, M. Bouzid, M. Issiakhem, I. Samsom, and Baya and the sculptor M. Addan. The official information agency is Algérie Presse-Service (APS), created in 1962 and located in Algiers. Caste prejudices and colonial oppression were exposed in the plays and farces of Rachid Ksentini and Bahtarzi Mahieddine and in the short stories of Ahmad Achour, Sharif al-Housseini, Zoukhour Vanis, Abd al-Madjid al-Chafi, and Abd al-Wahid Ibrahim. Campaigns of passive disobedience and the Young Algerians Movement that arose at the start of the 20th century, basically to seek the concession to Algerians of the political rights of French citizens, did not change the situation. In developing scientific research and training personnel, the leading role belongs to the University of Algiers and its branches in Oran and Constantine. There are cement factories (with a total capacity of about one million tons annually) in Algiers and Oran. The western part of the country was seized by the Almorávides, who were soon replaced by the Almohades, who extended their power throughout North Africa. In 1711 the dey Baba Ali drove out the last Turkish pasha and stopped paying tribute to the sultan. They appeared in Pannonia and Dacia in the 3d cent. A progressive press began to appear in Algeria in the mid-1930’s. However, France continued to face isolated (but occasionally fierce) resistance, mainly in Kabylia (see KabylesKabyles, people, predominantly agricultural, of North Africa, whose center is the rugged Kabylia region of Algeria. In 1969 it had approximately 600,000 members. There were philosophical and romantic strivings in the works of the 1930’s-J. En collaboration avec plus de 800 entreprises dans 163 pays, nous pouvons vous trouver la bonne voiture au bon endroit, au bon prix. Distilling and canning plants, tobacco factories, and enterprises for the processing of grain and the production of olive oil are located in almost all the cities of northern Algeria. Considerable trade with Europe also was conducted from Algerian ports; the chief exports were wheat, fruit, and woven goods. In the eighth century, the territory of Algeria, like the other parts of the so-called Arab West (Maghreb), was divided among various feudal-theocratic principalities that had in effect broken away from the caliphate. The majority of the salt lakes (sebkhas) lie in the intermontane hollows (Shott ech-Chergui. After this FLN congress, Algerian Communists joined with FLN activists in building a single party. In the 1960’s this share was reduced as a result of the increase in commercial relations with socialist and developing countries. A special institute is devoted to problems of utilizing solar energy. The chief imports are machinery, food and beverages, and consumer goods. Том 2 (СПб., 1911 год).jpg, Иллюстрация к статье «Алжирские экспедиции» № 3. Le programme Mémoire du monde (UNESCO, 1992) n'a rien inscrit pour ce pays dans son registre international Mémoire du monde (au 15/01/2016). After the capitulation of the French government of Marshal Pé-tain to Hitler’s Germany (June 1940), the transformation of Algeria into a source of raw material and foodstuffs for Germany and Italy began. The GPRA called for the resolution of the Algerian question by means of negotiations with the French government. These improvements were intended for the Europeans' own use, and the Muslims benefited little from them, being left with scant political or economic power and with few legal rights. Le retour des pèlerins est un grand moment : de fierté pour ceux qui en reviennent, devenus des hadjis, et de liesse pour ceux qui les accueillent dans leur quartier ou dans leur village. In Apr., 2009, the president was reelected with 90% of the vote; although the election was boycotted by some opposition parties, the goverment said there was a 74% turnout. The proportion of the urban population increased from about one-fourth to one-third during 1954–66. Généralement, les hommes se lavent le matin et les femmes l’après-midi. Short-lived but powerful floods are frequent. - Se déchausser à l’entrée d’une maison ou avant de pénétrer dans une pièce dont le sol est recouvert de tapis. Economically most important are the tracts of cork oak (state procurement is 30,000–60,000 tons of raw cork a year—third highest yield in the world). The main theme in the dramas of Mustapha al-Ashraf and Abdullah Nakli was the heroic struggle of a nation for its future. Les musulmans sont majoritairement de rite malékite, mais on trouve également des communautés ibadites comme dans le Mzab. During the first stage of the agrarian reform (1962–64), the lands of European colonists were expropriated, and collective farms directed by self-management committees were established on them. (In February 1968, nine years ahead of schedule, evacuation of this military base was completed.). You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches". Elections for the parliament in May, 2012, resulted in a significant majority for the FLN-led government, but opposition parties denounced the result, and turnout appeared to be much lighter than the 42% announced by the government. In the size of freight turnover (1966), the following ports stand out: Bejaia, 15,288,000 tons; Arzew, 9,100,000 tons; Algiers, 4,362,000 tons; Annaba, 1,920,000 tons; and Oran, 1,750,000 tons. The government proclaimed as its goal the liquidation of the painful legacy of colonialism and many years of war (destruction, hunger, unemployment, and anarchy at the local level) and the construction of an independent Algeria in accordance with the Tripoli program. Sensing the direction of French policy, the colonists and army (both of whom aimed for the full integration of Algeria with France) staged major protests in 1960 and 1961, but both were put down by de Gaulle. Satire directed against the French colonists arose. 155,162), NW Algeria, capital of Tlemcen prov. Том 1 (СПб., 1911 год).jpg, Иллюстрация к статье «Алжирские экспедиции» № 2. Algeria’s armed forces consist of a national popular army and a military gendarme corps. Large numbers of sheep, poultry, goats, and cattle are raised, and there is a small fishing industry. La doctrine prêchée par Mahomet, et consignée dans le Coran, s’appelle l’islam, c'est-à-dire « résignation à la volonté de Dieu ». La succession de Mahomet n'est toujours pas réglée, puisque deux doctrines différentes opposent les chiites et les sunnites, le sunnisme étant le courant majoritaire de l’islam. The large cities have grown especially rapidly. The prime minister is the head of government, and is appointed by the president in consultation with the parliament. Том 2 (СПб., 1911 год).jpg, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:History_of_Algeria&oldid=409545301, Uses of Wikidata Infobox providing interwiki links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply. In the zone transitional to the Algerian Sahara, the climate is more arid, semidesert; the average July temperature is above 30°C, and annual precipitation is 200–400 mm. Since independence, there has been large-scale emigration to France by Algerian job seekers, who contribute substantial cash remittances to the country's economy. Il existe une autre forme de dévotion populaire qu’on pourrait, en caricaturant un peu, appeler l’islam des campagnes par opposition à l’islam officiel des villes. Turnout was light, however, with a little more than a third of the voters going to the polls, and some parties boycotted or were banned from the campaign. Algeria decisively supports the national liberation struggle of the peoples of Angola, Mozambique, and South Africa, giving material aid to the patriots of these countries. Taos translated the Berber legends, songs, and proverbs of the Kabyle in his book The Magic Seed (1966) into French. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 26 septembre 2020 à 20:11. The settled population predominates in the western and central parts of Northern Algeria and is engaged mainly in the cultivation of field crops. Il existe une autre forme de dévotion populaire qu’on pourrait, en caricaturant un peu, appeler l’islam des campagnes par opposition à l’islam officiel des villes. The harsh continental arid climate of the Sahara regions is difficult for humans to endure. Foreign economic ties. The GPRA was recognized by many Asian and African countries. and reached its commercial height in the late 16th cent. The Arabs and Berbers are Sunnite Muslims. L'Algérie grâce aux populations touarègues a conservé aussi le système d'écriture du berbère : le tifinagh qui fut ensuite réintroduit chez les autres communautés berbérophones. Civil unrest resulting from a rise in Islamic fundamentalism led to the postponement of national elections set for June, 1991. In 1969, in accordance with the Codex of Wilayas of that year, elective organs—popular assemblies of the wilayas—were established. In the Sahara, the severe natural conditions and the rarity of pastures account for the noninfectious character of diseases; there are diseases connected with light sensitivity (conjunctivitis, skin diseases, and avitaminosis). In the foothills, tracts of saltmarshes are prevalent around sebkhas. De leur côté les peintres algériens à l’image de Mohamed Racim ou encore Baya ont tenté de faire revivre le prestigieux passé antérieur à la colonisation française, en même temps qu’ils ont contribué à la sauvegarde des valeurs authentiques de l’Algérie. The country’s official name is the Democratic People’s Republic of Algeria (in Arabic, al-Djumhuria al-Djazairia Demokratia al-Shaabia; in French, République Algérienne Démocratique et Populaire). Dans la vie courante, les Algériens arabophones parlent en général un arabe dialectal, le dardja, qui diffère de l'arabe littéral par sa morphologie, sa syntaxe, sa prononciation et son vocabulaire. Tamazight became an official language in 2016. After 1962, Algerian cinematographers significantly expanded the production of newsreel and documentary films and shot the first artistic films on folklore and ethnographic subjects and films dedicated to the events of the war of 1954–62. Elle commémore le sacrifice d’Abraham. On Sept. 20, 1962, the Politburo conducted elections for the Constituent Assembly, which proclaimed the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria. The movement for the establishment of workers’ and peasants’ self-management, which had begun spontaneously by the spring of 1962, assumed ever-larger dimensions. In 1965, 17 doctors, eight pharmacists, and 14 stomatologists were graduated. Des musées consacrés à une grande variété de thèmes, dont le musée national des beaux-arts, de riches bibliothèques, comme la Bibliothèque nationale d'Algérie, et tout un patrimoine immobilier, artisanal et industriel, témoignent du développement de la culture algérienne. The fall of the Almohades in the 13th century led to an intensification of feudal fragmentation on the territory of Algeria. People’s assemblies are given broad rights: participation in the working out of a national plan for economic development, within the limits of which they adopt their own plans; control over the activity of the enterprises of the socialist sector in the territory under their jurisdiction; assistance in the establishment of producers’ and consumers’ cooperatives; and so on. (1957; Russian translation 1961). Le meilleur prix est garanti ! There are internationally important airports near Algiers (Dar-al-Beida), Annaba, and Oran (La Senia). Hard wheat is cultivated mainly in the internal regions of the Tell, soft wheat in the northwest. Il peut être procédé, sans frais, par voie de simple ordonnance rendue par le président du tribunal de l’arrondissement judiciaire du lieu ou l’acte a été dressé ou transcrit ; sur requête du procureur de la république, à toute rectification des actes de l’état civil ou décisions judiciaires les concernant. Patrouille à l'est d'Amar Laskri, (1971), Zone interdite d'Ahmed Lallem, (1972) ou L'Opium et le Bâton d'Ahmed Rachedi, sont autant de titres programmes qui, sur le front des images, dessinent le rapport que les autorités algériennes veulent entretenir avec le « peuple en marche ».

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