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Once the king was overthrown in 1792 and a republic was established, they were anxious to stop the revolutionary movement that they had helped to set in motion. Ses articles ont contribué à créer dans les milieux sans-culottes le climat propice à de nombreux évènements révolutionnaires[réf. The Girondins and the Montagnards were political factions that took shape in the National Convention in 1792-93. Brissot proposed an ambitious military plan to spread the Revolution internationally, one that Napoleon later pursued aggressively. Her Mémoires de Madame Roland (1795) was written from prison where she was held as a Girondin sympathizer. The Girondins were doctrinaires and theorists rather than men of action. 3 (2000): 241–271. It is estimated that Hébert received 205,000 livres from this purchase.[4]. [6] Initially, Hébert was trying to not only educate his readers about the queen, but also awaken her to how she was viewed by the French public. Accessed 7 Dec. 2020. Thierry Lhermitte Wikipédia, [6] The name itself was bestowed not by any of its alleged members but from the Montagnards, "who claimed as early as April 1792 that a counterrevolutionary faction had coalesced around deputies of the department of the Gironde". The famous painting The Death of Marat depicts the fiery radical journalist and denouncer of the Girondins Jean-Paul Marat after being murdered in his bathtub. Représentation artistique des Girondins, la faction dominante jusqu'au milieu de 1793. (Sous la II e République, on donna aussi le nom de … The law prompted multiple interpretations all of which led to what became essential Revolutionary ideals. DiPadova, Theodore A. In his journal, Hébert assumed the voice of a patriotic sans-culotte named Père Duchesne and would write first-person narratives in which Père Duchesne would often relay fictitious conversations that he had with the French monarchs or government officials. Le Montagnard Barère propose la nomination d'une commission de sécurité composée de 12 membres et chargée de prendre les mesures nécessaires à la tranquillité publique. Friuli-venezia Giulia - Wikipedia, They dominated the Convention in turn, often in dispute with each other, until the Girondins were expelled and arrested in mid-1793. Robespierre, who hated the Girondins, had proposed to include them in the proscription lists of September 1792: The Mountain Club to a man who desired their overthrow. Les Girondins et les Montagnards sont 2 grands groupes politiques de l’Assemblée nationale, pendant la Révolution française. [14] Hébert fainted several times on the way to the guillotine, and screamed hysterically when he was placed under the blade. Victor Hugo - Quatre-vingt-treize La République girondine septembre 1792 - juin … He then entered the service of a doctor. Artiste Mentaliste, Vanessa Guerra Twitter, Girondins at first dominated the Jacobin Club, where Brissot's influence had not yet been ousted by Maximilien Robespierre and they did not hesitate to use this advantage to stir up popular passion and intimidate those who sought to stay the progress of the Revolution. The collective name "Girondins" is used to describe a "a loosely knit group of French deputies who contested the Montagnards for control of the National Convention". Oppositions et divisions. [7] On 3 October of that same year (11 Vendémiaire, year IV), a solemn fête in honour of the Girondins, "martyrs of liberty", was celebrated in the Convention. Au sein de l’Assemblée législative (octobre 1791-septembre 1792) puis de la Convention, dont les députés sont élus pour la première fois au suffrage universel masculin en septembre 1792, plusieurs … Seuls des Girondins et des modérés sont élus dans cette commission qui ordonne le 24 mai 1793 l'arrestation d'Hébert, l'homme fort de la … Programme National De Géographie En Rdc Pdf, "General Dumouriez and the Girondins 1792–1793", de Luna, Frederick A. [13] From the first, the leaders of the two parties stood in avowed opposition, in the Jacobin Club as in the Assembly. Rien de plus difforme et de plus sublime. Dans l'Assemblée législative qui siege pour la première fois le le, octobre 1791, la droite est représentée par les Feuillants ou … The Girondin role in the government was undermined by the popular uprisings of 27 and 31 May and finally on 2 June 1793, when François Hanriot, head of the Paris National Guards, purged the Convention of the Girondins (see Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793). Sassuolo Réserve, La majorité n'ayant cédé que sur le second point, elles revinrent à la charge le 2 juin, tandis que la Garde nationale cernait la Convention : 29 députés girondins furent mis hors la loi. “Polling the Opinions: A Reexamination of Mountain, Plain, and Gironde in the National Convention.” Social Science History, vol. Regarder Canal+ Cinéma En Direct Gratuitement, Laneya Grace Wikipedia, It took 36 minutes to cut off 22 heads, one of which was already dead. The Girondins proposed suspending the king and summoning of the National Convention, but they agreed not to overthrow the monarchy until Louis XVI became impervious to their counsels. The more radical rhetoric of the Jacobins attracted the support of the revolutionary Paris Commune, the Revolutionary Sections (mass assemblies in districts) and the National Guard of Paris and they had gained control of the Jacobin club, where Brissot, absorbed in departmental work, had been superseded by Robespierre. Nous focalisons d’abord notre attention sur l’histoire des désignants politiques « Montagne », « Gironde » et « sans-culottes », qui nous paraissent relever d’un système complexe d’hétéro-désignation et … Devenir Magicien Professionnel, Although Hébert did not create the image of the Père Duchesne, his use of the character helped to transform the symbolic image of Père Duchesne from that of a comical stove-merchant into a patriotic role model for the sans culottes. The name itself was bestowed not by any of its alleged members but from the Montagnards… Hébert Jacques René (1757 - 1794) Homme politique de médiocre envergure, membre de la Commune et du club des Cordeliers, Hébert est avant tout le rédacteur du Père Duchesne. This was enough to secure him the votes of the Paris electors when he was elected mayor ten days later. Resulta Dijon Lens, Madame Roland, whose salon became their gathering place, had a powerful influence on the spirit and policy of the Girondins with her "romantic republicanism". Among those who went to the scaffold with Pere Duchesne on the afternoon of the twenty-fourth were Vincent, Ronsin, and the leader of section Marat, Momoro. Brissot and Madame Roland were executed and Jean Roland (who had gone into hiding) committed suicide when he learned about the execution. Although the Revolution abolished the three estates voting (the Aristocracy, the Church, and the Commons), factions made impossible any republican countrywide representation. [5], They were never an official organization or political party. Hébert agreed with most of the ideals of the radical Montagnard faction; however, he was not a member of the faction. Pourcentage élection Algérie 2019, "The Girondins and the Question of Revolutionary Government", Higonnet, Patrice. [citation needed] With Brissot, they advocated exporting the Revolution through aggressive foreign policies including war against the surrounding European monarchies. Loyer En France Pour étudiant, Il fut accusé de corruption et guillotiné le 5 avril 1794. [11] Brissot called on the National Convention to dominate Europe by conquering the Rhineland, Poland and the Netherlands with a goal of creating a protective ring of satellite republics in Great Britain, Spain and Italy by 1795. Mayor Pache, with procureur of the Commune Pierre Gaspard Chaumette and deputy procureur Jacques René Hébert, controlled the armed militias of the 48 revolutionary Sections of Paris and prepared to turn this weapon against the Convention. On 17 July 1791, Hébert was at the Champ de Mars to sign a petition to demand the removal of King Louis XVI and was caught up in the subsequent Champ de Mars massacre by troops under … C'est costaud tout ça, ce n'est que le CRPE on dirait une réponse de CAPES HISTOIRE-GEO ! Sous la Législative, quelques députés élus par le département de la Gironde ( Vergniaud, Guadet, etc...) s'étaient liés d'amitié avec Brissot et ses amis ( Buzot, Louvet, Pétion, Roland et sa femme, etc...). À la fin de 1792, les Girondins furent pratiquement exclus du club, qui devint entièrement Yannick Noah épouses, Girondins and historian Pierre Claude François Daunou argues in his Mémoires that the Girondins were too cultivated and too polished to retain their popularity for long in times of disturbance, and so they were more inclined to work for the establishment of order, which would mean the guarantee of their own power. On 28 July 1793, a decree of the Convention proscribed 21 deputies, five of whom were from the Gironde, as traitors and enemies of their country (Charles-Louis Antiboul, Boilleau the younger, Boyer-Fonfrêde, Brissot, Carra, Gaspard-Séverin Duchastel, the younger Ducos, Dufriche de Valazé, Jean Duprat, Fauchet, Gardien, Gensonné, Lacaze, Lasource, Claude Romain Lauze de Perret, Lehardi, Benoît Lesterpt-Beauvais, the elder Minvielle, the Marquis de Sillery, Vergniaud and Louis-François-Sébastien Viger). [5] The term became standard with Alphonse de Lamartine's History of the Girondins in 1847.[8]. Député de la Montagne, qui siégeait, à la Convention, sur les gradins les plus élevés. They were never an official organization or political party. Les députés, tous républicains, s'opposent sur la conduite à tenir pour défendre la république menacée. On 20 May 1793 the moderate majority of the National Convention formed the Special Commission of Twelve, which was designed to investigate and prosecute conspirators. Terrain A Vendre à Kinshasa Kinkole, ... Il participe à la création duTribunal révolutionnaire et du comité de Salut Public. La lutte entre Girondins et Montagnards s'envenime pendant l'hiver 1793. ", Patrick, Alison. En réponse, le 31 mai, les sections de sans-culottes, soutenues par les Montagnards, vinrent exiger la mise en accusation des principaux Girondins et la suppression de … Un adage assure que tout révolutionnaire trouve toujours plus révolutionnaire que lui pour l'écarter du pouvoir. was echoed from group to group in the streets of Paris. [17] The ominous threat by Girondin leader Maximin Isnard, uttered on 25 May, to "march France upon Paris" was instead met by Paris marching hastily upon the Convention. 28, no. Élus à l'assemblée législative pendant l'été 1791, les députés Girondins ont fait leurs apprentissages politiques dans les nouvelles administrations communales et départementales. Auteur : philyber. Aucun widget trouvé dans la colonne latérale Alt ! Il y dénonce les agissements politiques des Girondins. 84 quiz. On 31 October, they were borne to the guillotine. Issus de la moyenne bourgeoisie, ils se recrutent parmi les journalistes, les nouvellistes, les avocats, les professeurs. The Girondins also called for war against Austria, arguing it would rally patriots around the Revolution, liberate oppressed peoples from despotism, and test the loyalty of King Louis XVI.[12]. Livre Horreur, Cependant, les … Carte De La Commune De La Gombe, Hébert Girondin Ou Montagnard, Canon Rapide Kinshasa Brazzaville, Météo Corse Du Nord, Touka Kirishima Age, Fille De Nikos, Primaire Démocrate De L'oklahoma De 2020, Village Ramey Paris 18 Carte, Jeanfi Janssens Lorgues, Joueur Asse 2019, Nouveau Logo Fc Nantes, Pourquoi … Voyage Arménie, This event is considered to mark the beginning of the Reign of Terror. In Bezug auf die Klassenunterstützung (und dies vereinfacht natürlich die Situation erheblich) war die Hauptunterstützungsbasis von Montagnards die städtische Armut von Paris, auch Sans Culottes genannt. [23], In her autobiography, Madame Roland reshapes her historical image by stressing the popular connection between sacrifice and female virtue. Le Peuple Kongo, Paris Fc Billetterie, Tour De Magie Révèle, Roazhon 1901 Hooligans, Replay Canal Football Club Streaming, Izu Oshima Google Earth, Lille - Toulouse Résultat, Daria Medvedeva, Joueurs Fc Metz 1998, Huis Clos Synonyme, Série 2019, Foot Alatelecesoir, Monaco Nice Pronostic, Casquette Petronas Quartararo, … A very few escaped, including Jean-Baptiste Louvet de Couvrai, whose Mémoires give a detailed picture of the sufferings of the fugitives. The assassination of Marat by Charlotte Corday on 13 July 1793 only served to increase the unpopularity of the Girondins and seal their fate. La Commission fit arrêter Hébert, substitut du procureur. Citation Sur La Dissolution De Lassemblée Nationale, Programme National De Géographie En Rdc Pdf, Citation Sur La Dissolution De Lassemblée Nationale, Regarder Canal+ Cinéma En Direct Gratuitement. Moreover, the Septembriseurs (the supporters of the September Massacres such as Robespierre, Danton, Marat and their lesser allies) realised that not only their influence but their safety depended on keeping the Revolution alive. Nicolas Rey 2020, Salaire De Reichmann, In its early times of government, the Gironde supported a free market, supported by a constitutional right to public assistance for the poor and public education. Geschiedenis. Review of Revolution in Print: The Press in France, by Robert Darton, Daniel Roche; Naissance du Journal Revolutionnaire, by Claude Labrosse, Pierre Retat; La Revolution du Journal, by Pierre Retat; Revolutionary News; The Press in France, by Jeremy D. Popkin. [27] Certain Girondins such as Condorcet supported women's suffrage and political equality. Montagnards and Girondins alike were fundamentally opposed to the monarchy; both were democrats as well as republicans; and both were prepared to appeal to force in order to realise their ideals. Ils dominent tour à tour la Convention, souvent en conflit les uns avec les autres, jusqu'à ce que les Girondins soient expulsés et … "The Montagnards and Their Opponents: Some Considerations on a Recent Reassessment of the Conflicts in the French National Convention, 1792-93,", This page was last edited on 9 April 2021, at 20:31. [16] The abortive émeute of 10 March warned the Girondins of their danger and they responded with defensive moves. Ceux qu'on appelait alors les "Brissotins" ( le nom de Girondins leur fut donné plus tard) poussaient de toutes leurs forces à la déclaration de guerre, s'opposant sur ce point à Robespierre. [9] The Girondins were also one of the first supporters of abolitionism in France with Brissot leading the anti-slavery Society of the Friends of the Blacks. Ce document a été mis à jour le 16/05/2010 JSTOR, doi:10.2307/40267833. Météo Metz Heure Par Heure, Their orators had no serious rivals in the hostile camp—their system was established in the purest reason, but the Montagnards made up for what they lacked in talent or in numbers through their boldness and fanatical energy. [9], The Girondins supported democratic reform, secularism and a strong legislature at the expense of a weaker executive and judiciary as opposed to the authoritarian left-wing Montagnards, who supported public acknowledgement of a Supreme Being and a strong executive. [26], Influenced by classical liberalism and the concepts of democracy, human rights and Montesquieu's separation of powers, the Girondins initially supported the constitutional monarchy, but after the Flight to Varennes in which Louis XVI tried to flee Paris in order to start a counter-revolution the Girondins became mostly republicans, with a royalist minority. They also had an ally in the English-born American activist Thomas Paine. They compelled the king in 1792 to choose a ministry composed of their partisans, among them Roland, Charles François Dumouriez,[12] Étienne Clavière and Joseph Marie Servan de Gerbey; and they forced a declaration of war against Habsburg Austria the same year. Powered by Invision Community, http://www.memo.fr/Article.asp?ID=PAY_FRA_1RE_001. Dans le cas de la Révolution française, l'exemple des Girondins illustre parfaitement la définition. Maximilien de Robespierre. hébert girondin ou montagnard. je me mélange les pinceaux...quelles est la différence entre les deux? The Revolution failed to deliver the immediate gains that had been promised and this made it difficult for the Girondins to draw it to a close easily in the minds of the public. Météo Istanbul Mars 2020, At the trial of Louis XVI in 1792, most Girondins had voted for the "appeal to the people" and so laid themselves open to the charge of "royalism". Compared with Hébert's somewhat popular festivals, this austere new religion of Virtue was received with signs of hostility by the Parisian public. Hébert Jacques René (1757 - 1794) Homme politique de médiocre envergure, membre de la Commune et du club des Cordeliers, Hébert est avant tout le rédacteur du Père Duchesne. In 1790, he attracted attention through a pamphlet he published, and became a prominent member of the club of the Cordeliers in 1791. Twelve deputies represented the département of the Gironde and there were six who sat for this département in both the Legislative Assembly of 1791–1792 and the National Convention of 1792–1795. La Montagne est le théâtre d'une rupture entre les Hébertistes et les Indulgents. [3] In part, Hébert's use of Père Duchesne as a revolutionary symbol can be seen by his appearance as a bristly old man who was portrayed as smoking a pipe and wearing a Phrygian cap. The Commission of Twelve was appointed of on 24 May, including the arrest of Varlat and Hébert and other precautionary measures. The article was originally a copy of the 1911 article. Propulsé par Quizity.com. Le montagnard est l'homme simple, naturel, qui cultive ses sentiments et sa raison, qui s'occupe sans cesse du bonheur d'autrui, qui fait la guerre aux oppresseurs de tout genre, qui ne transige jamais avec sa conscience, qui soulage les malheureux, qui ne reconnaît dans l'amour de la patrie que l'amour de l'humanité et qui la sert de tout son pouvoir … Marat was stabbed by Charlotte Corday, a Girondin sympathizer. From 1791 to 1793, the Girondins were active in the Legislative Assembly and the National Convention. Compared with Hébert's somewhat popular festivals, this austere new religion of Virtue was received with signs of hostility by the Parisian public. Juste ce que j'ai trouvé de simple ( mais pas trop non plus) via le net. Street hawkers would yell: Il est bougrement en colère aujourd’hui le père Duchesne! In the suspicious temper of the times, their vacillation was fatal. Op 20 oktober 1791 hield Jacques Pierre Brissot zijn eerste rede in de Wetgevende Vergadering, waar de feuillants de meerderheid hadden, over de inbeslagname … Conte D'été 1996 Streaming, Magazine La Vie Des Communes, Dans le dernier épisode, nous avons laissé la Convention divisée de façon grossière entre Gironde, Plaine et Montagne.La Gironde tend alors à dominer les débats, au point que l’historiographie parle souvent (abusivement) de « convention girondine » jusqu’à juin 1793. The trend toward secularization had already begun to take hold throughout France during the eighteenth century; however, between September 1793 and August 1794, French politicians began discussing and embracing notions of "radical dechristianization. L'illusion Des Ténèbres Otk, Their numbers were increased by the return to national politics by former National Constituent Assembly deputies such as Jean-Paul Rabaut Saint-Étienne, Pétion and Kervélégan, as well as some newcomers as the writer Thomas Paine and popular journalist Jean Louis Carra. A week later he committed suicide. A droite, la Gironde, légion de penseurs; à gauche, la Montagne, un groupe d'athlètes." Question 6. Those were sent to trial. Temperament largely accounts for the dividing line between the parties. The son of an official of Guise, Desmoulins was admitted to the bar in 1785, but a stammer … /. Roland says her mother's death was the impetus for her "odyssey from virtuous daughter to revolutionary heroine" as it introduced her to death and sacrifice – with the ultimate sacrifice of her own life for her political beliefs. They dominated the movement until their fall in the insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793, which resulted in the domination of the Montagnards and the purge and eventual mass execution of the Girondins. [3] In part, Hébert's use of Père Duchesne as a revolutionary symbol can be seen by his appearance as a bristly old man who … She helped her husband escape, but she was executed on 8 November 1793. From 1790 until his death in 1794 Hébert became a voice for the working class of Paris through his highly successful and influential journal, Le Père Duchesne. Roland killed himself at Rouen on 15 November 1793, a week after the execution of his wife. Les Hébertistes, souvent d'anciens Cordeliers et ayant pour tête de file Hébert, soutiennent la politique de déchristianisation, la guerre à outrance et les mesures politiques violentes telles que la loi des suspects. Others, including Brissot, Louvet, Buzot, Lasource, Grangeneuve, Larivière and François Bergoeing, escaped from Paris and, joined later by Guadet, Pétion and Birotteau, set to work to organise a movement of the provinces against the capital. Vélo Focus Avis, Other prominent Girondins included Jean Marie Roland and his wife Madame Roland. ("We are betrayed!") Identity. La Montagne (ses membres étant appelés « les montagnards ») était un groupe politique de la Révolution française, à la Convention nationale, favorable à la GRANDE République et opposés aux girondins.. Origine. Mais il perdit peu à peu sa base sans-culotte, qu'il avait contribué à démobiliser, et par suite, ce fut son tour de monter su… The Girondins were a group of loosely affiliated individuals rather than an organized political party and the name was at first informally applied because the most prominent exponents of their point of view were deputies to the Legislative Assembly from the département of Gironde in southwest France. They campaigned for the end of the monarchy, but then resisted the spiraling momentum of the Revolution, which caused a conflict with the more radical Montagnards. They included Barbaroux, Buzot, Condorcet, Grangeneuve, Guadet, Kersaint, Pétion, Rabaut de Saint-Etienne and Rebecqui. The Girondins, who had been the radicals of the Legislative Assembly (1791–1792), became the conservatives of the Convention (1792–1795).[14]. Il participe à la création duTribunal révolutionnaire et du comité de Salut Public. Pache had twice been minister of war in the Girondins government, but his incompetence had laid him open to strong criticism and on 4 February 1793 he had been replaced as minister of war by a vote of the Convention. This attempt to stir up civil war made the wavering and frightened Convention suddenly determined. Because its members were mainly from Bordeaux, Gironde,[citation needed] the group had a federalist inspiration - that the power of the central government be offset by the will of individual departments. [15] The growing hostility of Paris to the Girondins received a fateful demonstration by the election on 15 February 1793 of the bitter ex Girondin Jean-Nicolas Pache to the mayoralty. Devils Bordeaux Dissolution, Votre adresse de messagerie ne sera pas publiée. Homme politique français... Députés de la Montagne, qui siégeaient, à la Convention, sur les... Pour les mots « sandwich » ou « match », quel pluriel faut-il utiliser de préférence en français ? "The Social and Cultural Antecedents of Revolutionary Discontinuity: Montagnards and Girondins,", Lewis-Beck, Michael S., Anne Hildreth, and Alan B. Spitzer. [19][20], The trial of the 22 began before the Revolutionary Tribunal on 24 October 1793. En particulier ils ne sont pas d'accord sur les mesures à prendre pour gagner l'appui des Sans-culottes, qui devraient fournir un appui militaire et … Xj6 35kw, 1793, les questions de l’existence de deux groupes organisés de girondins et montagnards au sein de la Convention, en concluant que, lors du procès au roi, il était déjà possible de distinguer un groupe montagnard, tandis qu’un groupe girondin, assez homogène, se forme seulement entre avril et mai 1793. They denounced the domination of Paris and summoned provincial levies to their aid and so fell under suspicion of "federalism". Corday did not attempt to flee and was arrested and executed. [22], The survivors of the party made an effort to re-enter the Convention after the fall of Robespierre on 27 July 1794, but it was not until 5 March 1795 that they were formally re-instated[citation needed] forming the Council of Five Hundred under the Directory. against the monarchy), was considerably more "advanced" than the moderate royalism of the majority of the Parisian deputies. Brace, Richard Munthe. In the Legislative Assembly, they represented a compact body of opinion which, though not as yet definitely republican (i.e. [10] The group was identified by its enemies at the start of the National Convention (20 September 1792). Jacques René Hébert (French: [ebɛʁ]; 15 November 1757 – 24 March 1794) was a French journalist and the founder and editor of the extreme radical newspaper Le Père Duchesne during the French Revolution.[1]. Mettant au jour un absentéisme politique considérable dans cette Assemblée au printemps 1793, au moment décisif de la lutte entre Girondins et Montagnards, cet article évoque la volonté de plusieurs dizaines de députés de se tenir avec soin à l’écart des affrontements partisans. The Girondins, who had a majority in the Convention, controlled the executive council and filled the ministries, believed themselves invincible. Some submitted, among them Gensonné, Guadet, Vergniaud, Pétion, Birotteau and Boyer-Fonfrède. They unintentionally increased the prestige of their most vocal and bitter critic Marat by prosecuting him before the Revolutionary Tribunal, where his acquittal in April 1793 was a foregone conclusion. Five were lawyers: Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud, Marguerite-Élie Guadet, Armand Gensonné, Jean Antoine Laffargue de Grangeneuve and Jean Jay (who was also a Protestant pastor). Girondins did not share the ferocious fanaticism or the ruthless opportunism of the future Montagnard organisers of the Reign of Terror. On 13 June 1793, it voted that the city of Paris deserved well of the country and ordered the imprisonment of the detained deputies, the filling up of their places in the Assembly by their suppléants and the initiation of vigorous measures against the movement in the provinces. Les Problèmes De La Cohabitation, Focus Bureau, Dijon Lens Résultat, La Dénonciation Film, (Sous la II e République, on donna aussi le nom de Montagnards à la gauche des deux assemblées.) Tripadvisor Bar Arras, "The 'Girondins' Were Girondins, After All,". Paine was imprisoned, but he narrowly escaped execution. Artiklen bygger på et ældre opslagsværk, hvorfor sprog og indhold af artiklen ikke fremstår tidssvarende Girondinerne i Prison de La Force efter at være blevet arresteret; træsnit fra 1845 Girondinerne (fransk girondins) (ikke Girondister), også: Gironden var betegnelsen for en gruppe af franske revolutionspolitikere 1791 … girondin Hébert idée nationalisme populaire anarchisme Commune de Paris contre-révolutionnaire émancipation fédération gouvernement réformiste Robespierre social-démocratie syndicalisme Barbès Blanqui cordelier partisan Zapata subversif bourgeois conservateur extrême-gauche internationaliste menchevik scission … Députés de la Montagne qui siégeaient à la Convention sur les gradins les plus élevés Sous la IIe République on donna aussi le nom de Montagnards à la gauche des deux assemblées Indice Des Prix, An artist’s depiction of the Girondins, the dominant faction until mid 1793. Les hébertistes, appelés les « exagérés » pendant la Révolution française [1], sont sous la Législative et la Convention principalement des membres du club des Cordeliers, appartenant pour un grand nombre aux rangs de la Montagne à la Convention, à l’administration de la Commune et du Département de Paris, et qui étaient en relation avec Jean-Nicolas Pache, Jean-Baptiste Bouchotte ou Jacques-René Hébert …

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