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According to New World Wealth, the African city with the greatest number of millionaires is South Africa’s economic hub Johannesburg with 23,400 millionaires, followed by the Egyptian capital Cairo with 12,300 and Lagos in Nigeria with 9,800. Salah Mejri (United States), Bertrand Delanoë (France), Claude Bartolone (France), Dove Attia (France), M. Salah Baouendi (United States), Poorna Jagannathan (United States), Mustapha Tlili (United States), Ferrid Kheder (United States), Oussama Mellouli (United States), Leila Ben Youssef (United States), Bushido (rapper) (Germany), Compared to the year 2018, today there are half as many cryptocurrency billionaires known in the Forbes list of the richest people in the world. From the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb in 673, a small number of Arabs, Persians and other Middle-Eastern populations settled in Tunisia which was called Ifriqiya, from its ancient name the Roman province of Africa. Imported by the Andalusians in the sixteenth century, jasmine has become the national flower of Tunisia. Explore Billionaires km and a coastline of 1,148 km on the Mediterranean Sea to the north. Tunisian cuisine is a blend of Mediterranean cuisine and traditions. Contrary to the pessimism of Albert Memmi, who predicted that Tunisian literature was sentenced to die young,[94] a high number of Tunisian writers are abroad including Abdelwahab Meddeb, Bakri Tahar, Mustapha Tlili, Hélé Béji or Mellah Fawzi. In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products, like almond (66 thousand tons) and sugar beet (76 thousand tons). (1977). According to Matthew Carr, "As many as eighty thousand Moriscos settled in Tunisia, most of them in and around the capital, Tunis, which still contains a quarter known as Zuqaq al-Andalus, or Andalusia Alley."[26]. Oil was discovered and tourism continued. No it does not have any billionaires according to Forbes . [45], Tunisians are predominantly genetically descended from native Berber groups, with some Phoenician/Punic and other Western European as well as Middle eastern input. 114. In the 19th century, the rulers of Tunisia became aware of the ongoing efforts at political and social reform in the Ottoman capital. It is known among its over 11 million speakers as: تونسي ‎, romanized: Tounsi (), "Tunisian" or Derja "everyday language" to distinguish it from Modern Standard Arabic, the official language of Tunisia.Tunisian Arabic is mostly similar to eastern Algerian Arabic and western Libyan Arabic. The Cambridge History of Islam (Vol. [42] There is also a small purely Berber (1% at most)[43] population located in some villages in the south east, with little community under 5000 peoples, From the late 19th century to after World War II, Tunisia was home to large populations of French and Italians (255,000 Europeans in 1956),[44] although nearly all of them, along with the Jewish population, left after Tunisia became independent. However, later research has suggested instead that Tunisians exhibit a mostly indigenous Northwest African genetic make up similar to other Northwest African populations; characterized by a high amount of native Northwest African genes, but with higher Middle Eastern input than in Algeria or Morocco. Yet agricultural problems and urban unemployment led to increased migration to Europe. Italy and Tunisia were pressed on Thursday to clear hundreds of containers of waste illegally shipped and stored at a port in the North African county. Tunisia has been an attractive destination for tourists since the beginning of the 1960s. The overwhelming majority of Tunisians are of Berber descent. [18] From the Roman period until the Islamic conquest, Latins, Greeks and Numidian people further influenced the Tunisians, which were called Afariqa: (Roman) Africans. [77], Moreover, Tunisian is closely related to the Maltese language,[78] that descended from Tunisian and Siculo-Arabic.[79][80]. Isles Of Scilly. The support would consist of the U.S. guarantee of Tunisian government-issued debt (or of bank loans made to the Government of Tunisia). The U.S. Government would provide this loan guarantee to enable the Tunisian government to access significant market financing at affordable rates and favorable maturities with the backing of a U.S. guarantee of principal and interest (up to 100 percent). In 1992, Tunisia re-entered the private international capital market for the first time in 6 years, securing a $10-million line of credit for balance-of-payments support. United Arab Emirates. In Djerba, the architecture such as the fortress of Kef reflects the military and spiritual destiny of a Sufi influence in the region. In conjunction with the Association Agreement, the EU is assisting the Tunisian government's Mise A Niveau (upgrading) program to enhance the productivity of Tunisian businesses and prepare for competition in the global marketplace. National identity is strong and Tunisian efforts to create a national culture have proved stronger than in the nineteenth century. Late Punic epigraphy: an introduction to the study of Neo-Punic and Latino- Punic inscriptions. Statistics of the Office of Tunisians Abroad show more than 128,000 Tunisian families in Europe with a concentration in France and Germany. In cooking they also use a variety of flavors such as: olive oil, aniseed, coriander, cumin, caraway, cinnamon, saffron, mint, orange, blossom, and rose water. Culture tunisienne, « Théâtre municipal de Tunis », Littérature tunisienne (Ministère de la Culture et de la Sauvegarde du patrimoine). In the generally youthful African continent, Tunisia's population is among the most mature. Since appearing on the Ottoman flag, they were widely adopted by Muslim countries, and have become known as symbols of Islam, when in fact, they may be cultural symbols. The festival gives priority to films from African and Middle-eastern countries. But this proved unsustainable and it collapsed to a cumulative 10% growth in the turbulent eighties (1980–1990: USD 1,369–1,507), rising again to almost 50% cumulative growth in the nineties (1990–2000: USD 1,507–2,245), signifying the impact of successful diversification.[20]. Following the overthrow of Ben Ali, Tunisians elected a Constituent Assembly to draft a new constitution and an interim government known as the Troika because it was a coalition of three parties; the Islamist Ennahda Movement in the lead, with the centre-left Congress for the Republic and the left-leaning Ettakatol as minority partners. On 20 April 2012, U.S. Treasury Secretary[28] and Tunisian Finance Minister Houcine Dimassi signed a declaration of intent[29] to move forward on a U.S. loan guarantee for Tunisia. Structural adjustment brought additional lending from the World Bank and other Western creditors. Tunisia is the only country in the Arab-speaking world to organize the model search which has launched the careers of Cindy Crawford and Gisele Bündchen. A man who wears jasmine on his left ear indicates that he is single and in addition, offering white jasmine is seen as a proof of love while on the contrary, offering odorless winter jasmine is a sign of insolence. Tunisia is a North African country with a total area of 163,610 sq. Unemployment continued to plague Tunisia's economy and was aggravated by a rapidly growing work force. Ancient Tunisia was a major civilization crossing through history; different cultures, civilizations and multiple successive dynasties contributed to the culture of the country over centuries with a varying degrees of influence. Tunisia's economic reform program was lauded as a model by international financial institutions. 2). The government offers substantial tax incentives to encourage companies to join the exchange, and expansion is occurring. A Conventional Orthography for Tunisian Arabic. The important elements of Tunisian culture are diverse and represent a unique, mixed heritage. ... 'If it weren’t for us, those billionaires would have never made any profit' To understand how rich billionaires really are, use this calculator. [97] Thus there is currently a rejuvenation of the Tunisian diaspora which is now in its third generation. Tunisian international debt grew unmanageable. International Date Line. Structured into several scenes, the dance is often accompanied by acrobatic games with jars filled with water.[92]. The unrest has shaken the country just as it marks 10 years since an uprising over similar frustrations that pushed out a longtime autocrat, ushered in a new democracy and unleashed the Arab Spring uprisings.. A third of the North African nation’s young people are unemployed. The medina of Tunis, is World Heritage Site of UNESCO, and is a typical example of Islamic architecture. [31], Deauville Partnership with Arab Countries in Transition, "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019", "Middle East and North Africa Economic Update, April 2020 : How Transparency Can Help the Middle East and North Africa", "Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) - Tunisia", "Poverty headcount ratio at $5.50 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) - Tunisia", "Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)", "Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (national estimate) - Tunisia", "Rankings by Country of Average Monthly Net Salary (After Tax) (Salaries And Financing)", "How Fitch, Moody's and S&P rate each country's credit rating", "Tunisia Economy, Politics and GDP Growth Summary - The Economist Intelligence Unit", "Tunisia's tourism grappling with job losses", https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2019/05/28/a-tunis-les-chiffonniers-sortent-de-l-ombre_5468739_3212.html, "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects", "Hoping to preserve democracy, Tunisia woos foreign investors", "Treasury Secretary Geithner and Tunisian Finance Minister Dimassi Sign Declaration to Work Toward U.S. Loan Guarantee for Tunisia", Historic Growth Trend of Tunisia’s Economy, 1962 – 2007, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Tunisia&oldid=1002594398, World Trade Organization member economies, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Tunisian Arabic-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, clothing, semi-finished goods and textiles, agricultural products, mechanical goods, phosphates and chemicals, hydrocarbons, electrical equipment, textiles, machinery and equipment, hydrocarbons, chemicals, foodstuffs, This page was last edited on 25 January 2021, at 04:37. [83] Tunisia also hosts the Carthage Film Festival which has been taking place since 1966. In Tunisia, free courses of instruction in Tunisian Arabic are organised during the summer holidays for the children of Tunisian residents abroad, who are heavily influenced by the culture of the countries in which they live. Tunisia is a strong partner of the United States, and the U.S. Government is proud to support Tunisia in its transition to democracy. The economic growth rate seen for 2007, at 6.3% is the highest achieved in a decade. This consensus will allow for further reform in the economy and public sector. [41] Nonetheless, by 1870 the distinction between the Tunisian Arabic-speaking mass and the Turkish elite had blurred. Tunisia's economic growth historically has depended on oil, phosphates, agri-food products, car parts manufacturing, and tourism. Forbes magazine estimated the Queen’s net worth at around $500 million (about £325 million) in 2011, while an analysis by the Bloomberg Billionaires Index put it at $425 million (about £275 million) in 2015. Among the major Tunisian contemporary artists include Hedi Habbouba, Saber Rebaï, Dhafer Youssef, Belgacem Bouguenna, Sonia M'barek and Latifa. "In fact, the Tunisian genetic distances to European samples are smaller than those to other North African groups. Tunisia Area and Population Density. Routledge. Bedhioufi Hafsi, « Enjeux privés et sociaux du corps », "National Institute of Statistics-Tunisia", http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=etrangersnat, "Statistical Abstract of Israel 2009 - No. In 1957, the Prime Minister Habib Bourguiba abolished the monarchy and firmly established his Neo Destour (New Constitution) party. For 2007, foreign direct investment totaled TN Dinar 2 billion in 2007, or 5.18% of the total volume of investment in the country. The first billion is the hardest, according to oil magnate T. Boone Pickens. Among the most famous architects of that time were Victor Valensi, Guy Raphael, Henri Saladin, Joss Ellenon and Jean-Emile Resplandy. [22], The number of ragpickers is increasing due to the continuing high level of unemployment (15% of the working population), the loss of purchasing power of the most disadvantaged families, and the explosion of plastic waste due to new consumption habits. Loco Dice (Germany), Sami Allagui (Germany), Claudia Cardinale (Italy), Änis Ben-Hatira (Germany), Mounir Chaftar (Germany), Yemen. The government liberalized prices, reduced tariffs, lowered debt-service-to-exports and debt-to-GDP ratios, and extended the average maturity of its $10 billion foreign debt. In January 2003 Standard & Poor's affirmed its investment grade credit ratings for Tunisia. The variety of dances performed by the Tunisians probably reflects the migration flows that have traversed the country throughout the centuries. The influential role of the various dynasties that ruled the country, particularly in building cities and princes of Raqqada Mahdia, illuminates the role of the geopolitical context in the architectural history of the country. Whitney Smith states that the crescent was first emblazoned on standards and buildings in the Punic state of Carthage, located in present-day Tunisia. Since the 90s, Tunisia became an attractive place for filming and numerous companies emerged, serving the foreign film industry and became successful. A banner bears the national motto: "Liberty, Order, Justice". Tunisian cinema is today recognized as one of the most liberal, most inventive (and one of the most prize-winning) cinemas of Africa and the Middle-east. [59] The gathering takes place at dawn and then, upon nightfall, when young boys collect small bouquets, and later sell them to passersby on the street or to motorists stopped at intersections. Tunisia is located on the north coast of Africa along the Mediterranean Sea, with a surface area of 63,170 square miles (163,610 square kilometers). This is celebrated through national holidays, in the names of streets recalling historical figures or key dates or the subject of films or documentaries. The emergence of new patterns of racial and improvised music since the late 1990s changed the musical landscape of Tunisia. Many have withdrawal limits of 400DT. The Phoenicians and the West: politics, colonies and trade. However, in the areas between the ports of Bizerte and Ghar El Melh, settlements founded by the Moors fleeing Andalusia were reconquered by Catholic sovereigns and has more of a Christian influence. In 2015, the Bardo National Museum attack led to the collapse of the third largest sector of Tunisia's economy,[21] tourism. [55][56] [23][24] Muslim refugees from Sicily and Malta were encouraged by the Normans to settle in Tunisia during this period. « 2009, l’année des rendez-vous culturels importants ». Is the royal family rich? In Proceedings of the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC), Reykjavik, Iceland. In 1948 the Jewish population was an estimated 105,000, but by 2013 only about 900 remained. The ceremony took place at the World Bank immediately following the meeting of Finance Ministers of the Deauville Partnership with Arab Countries in Transition. Billionaire in bitcoin and a major player in the crypto space. Given the cosmopolitan nature of cities in Tunisia, they have retained a diversity and juxtaposition of styles. World "Heater Of Hope" Brings Respite To Women And Wildlife By Reducing Fuelwood Consumption In Bramhapuri, India. In 2008, Tunisia became the first of the Maghreb countries to sign a management agreement concerning the flow of migrants, at the impetus of President Nicolas Sarkozy: it provides easy access for almost 9,000 Tunisian students enrolled in French institutions,[98] but also almost 500 titres de séjour (residency permits) for highly qualified individuals so that they can acquire experience in France, valid for a maximum of six years. [17] From the eighth century BC, most of Tunisians were Punics. Lynn White, Jr.: "The Byzantinization of Sicily", John P. Entelis, "Tunisia" pp. The economy of Tunisia is in the process of being liberalized after decades of heavy state direction and participation in the country's economy. 60 Subject 2 - Table NO.24", Population résidante permanente étrangère selon la nationalité (Office fédéral de la statistique), "Nawaat – Interview avec l' Association Tunisienne de Culture Amazighe", "An outline of the Shilha (Berber) vernacular of Douiret (Southern Tunisia)", "Tunisian Amazigh and the Fight for Recognition – Tunisialive", "Tunisia riots: Reform or be overthrown, US tells Arab states amid fresh riots", "Thousands protest before Tunisia crisis talks", "Tunisia assembly passes new constitution", "Tunisie : les législatives fixées au 26 octobre et la présidentielle au 23 novembre", "The Nobel Peace Prize 2015 - Press Release", "Phylogeographic Analysis of Haplogroup E3b (E-M215) Y Chromosomes Reveals Multiple Migratory Events Within and Out Of Africa", The X chromosome Alu insertions as a tool for human population genetics: data from European and African human groups, "X-chromosome SNP analyses in 11 human Mediterranean populations show a high overall genetic homogeneity except in North-west Africans (Moroccans)", "Mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome microstructure in Tunisia", "Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape", "L'iconographie du timbre-poste tunisien pendant et après la période coloniale", "La langue française dans le monde, Édition 2014". Group Of Eight (G8) The Four Spheres Of The Earth. Tunisia lies immediately to the south of Italy and Malta. [54] The crescent and star might also recall the Ottoman flag as an indication of Tunisia's history as a part of the Ottoman Empire. The year 2015 was marked by terrorist attacks in Tunisia which are likely to affect economic growth, especially in tourism, one of the main sectors. Popular western music has also had major success with the emergence of many groups and festivals, including rock music, hip hop, reggae and jazz. It has been theorized that its origins lie in Carthage (modern-day Tunisia) and may have been associated with the Goddess Tanit. At the same time, the majority of the population is attracted by the music of Levantine origin (Egyptian, Lebanese or Syrian). [60], Furthermore, jasmine is the subject of a specific sign language. [35][36] As a result of the efforts made by the Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet, the Constituent Assembly completed its work, the interim government resigned, and new elections were held in 2014, completing the transition to a democratic state. The national dialogue platform, brokered by key civil society organizations, played a crucial role in gathering all major political parties. In April 2002, Tunisia's first US dollar-denominated sovereign bond issue since 1997 raised $458 million, with maturity in 2012.

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