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For the U.S. state, see, Areas under Georgian control shown in dark green; areas claimed but uncontrolled shown in light green, "Languages of Georgia" redirects here. [203] 2015 calculations place Georgia's nominal GDP at US$13.98 billion. By 1994 the gross domestic product had shrunk to a quarter of that of 1989. [237][n 1] In the 2010, the United States federal government began the Teach and Learn English with Georgia program of promoting English literacy in elementary school. The Georgia Constitution mandates a maximum of 56 senators, elected from single-member districts, and a minimum of 180 representatives, apportioned among representative districts (which sometimes results in more than one representative per district); there are currently 56 senators and 180 representatives. With the exception of some high-altitude areas in the Blue Ridge, the entirety of the state has a humid subtropical climate. The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Georgia was 9,815,210 on July 1, 2011, a 1.32% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[2]. Atlanta is a city located in Georgia.With a 2020 population of 523,738, it is the largest city in Georgia and the 36th largest city in the United States. [60] The largest Christian denominations by number of adherents in 2010 were the Southern Baptist Convention with 1,759,317; the United Methodist Church with 619,394; and the Roman Catholic Church with 596,384. There are several different architectural styles for castles, towers, fortifications and churches. Republicans then controlled all three partisan elements of the state government. [85] Russian airstrikes against targets within Georgia were also launched. [78][79] This voting pattern continued after the segregationist period.[80]. Georgia often is affected by hurricanes that strike the Florida Panhandle, weaken over land, and bring strong tropical storm winds and heavy rain to the interior, a recent example being Hurricane Michael,[32] as well as hurricanes that come close to the Georgia coastline, brushing the coast on their way north without ever making landfall. The new government's efforts to reassert Georgian authority in the southwestern autonomous republic of Ajaria led to a major crisis early in 2004. The Province of Georgia was one of the Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution by signing the 1776 Declaration of Independence. From 1,500–1,800 metres (4,921–5,906 ft), the forest becomes largely coniferous. "What's filming in Atlanta now? Soviet rule was firmly established only after the insurrection was swiftly defeated. This record was established largely due to the disenfranchisement of most blacks and many poor whites by the state in its constitution and laws in the early 20th century. Despite the Supreme Court's ruling in Worcester v. Georgia (1832) that U.S. states were not permitted to redraw Indian boundaries, President Jackson and the state of Georgia ignored the ruling. [162] Georgia has ratified the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities in 2005. [213] Infrastructural development has also been high on the agenda for the railways, with the key Tbilisi railway junction expected to undergo major reorganisation in the near future. for new roadway infrastructure.[105]. [136], In September 2019, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said that "NATO approaching our borders is a threat to Russia. From 2007 to 2008, 14 of Georgia's counties ranked among the nation's 100 fastest-growing. Any Georgian who had fought in any war from the American Revolution through the Spanish–American War was exempted from these additional qualifications. [209], Today transport in Georgia is provided by rail, road, ferry, and air. The demographic features of the population of Georgia include population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population. As of 2013[update], all but 19 of 181 boards are elected from single-member districts. The Greater Caucasus Mountain Range plays an important role in moderating Georgia's climate and protects the nation from the penetration of colder air masses from the north. Authors have grappled with Georgia's complex history. The executive branch of power is made up of the Cabinet of Georgia. Source: Pew Research Center. The unified Kingdom of Georgia reached its Golden Age during the reign of King David the Builder and Queen Tamar the Great in the 12th and early 13th centuries. [21] With their voting power diminished, it took some years for African Americans to win a state-wide office. Following support from the national Democratic Party for the civil rights movement and especially civil rights legislation of 1964 and 1965, most African-American voters, as well as other minority voters, have largely supported the Democratic Party in Georgia. [citation needed], The media environment of Georgia remains the freest and most diverse in the South Caucasus,[272] despite the long-term politicisation and polarisation affecting the sector. It has supported a Democrat for president only three times since 1960. Even before 2002, the state had become increasingly supportive of Republicans in Presidential elections. Total area is the sum of land and water areas within international boundaries and coastlines of Georgia. [citation needed], The overall region can be characterized as being made up of various, interconnected mountain ranges (largely of volcanic origin) and plateaus that do not exceed 3,400 meters (11,155 ft) in elevation. Despite these increasingly difficult relations, in May 2005 Georgia and Russia reached a bilateral agreement[76] by which Russian military bases (dating back to the Soviet era) in Batumi and Akhalkalaki were withdrawn. Although tornadoes striking the city are very rare,[31] an EF2 tornado[31] hit downtown Atlanta on March 14, 2008, causing moderate to severe damage to various buildings. Production was then moved to Burbank, California. [17] Ancient Greeks (Strabo, Herodotus, Plutarch, Homer, etc.) The Georgian language, and the Classical Georgian literature of the poet Shota Rustaveli, were revived in the 19th century after a long period of turmoil, laying the foundations of the romantics and novelists of the modern era such as Grigol Orbeliani, Nikoloz Baratashvili, Ilia Chavchavadze, Akaki Tsereteli, Vazha-Pshavela. The region between Kazbek and Shkhara (a distance of about 200 km (124 mi) along the Main Caucasus Range) is dominated by numerous glaciers. This brought about mixed results, but strengthened state institutions. [15] In 1870, following the Reconstruction Era, Georgia became the last Confederate state to be restored to the Union. The state is the number one producer of pecans in the world, with the region around Albany in southwest Georgia being the center of Georgia's pecan production. [66] Georgia would remain an unindustrialized periphery of the USSR until the first five-year plan when it would become a major center for textile goods. [161], Human rights in Georgia are guaranteed by the country's constitution. [citation needed]. [115] Movies too, such as Passengers, Forrest Gump, Contagion, Hidden Figures, Sully, Baby Driver, The Hunger Games: Catching Fire, Captain America: Civil War, Black Panther, Birds of Prey and many more, were filmed around Georgia. By the 1980s, an independence movement was established and grew, leading to Georgia's secession from the Soviet Union in April 1991. As of 2004, 7.7% of its population was reported as under 5 years of age, 26.4% under 18, and 9.6% were 65 or older. (1996). A period of unrest ensued, which ended as Abkhazia and eastern Georgian states were unified under a single Georgian monarchy, ruled by King Bagrat III of Georgia (r. 975–1014), due largely to the diplomacy and conquests of his energetic foster-father David III of Tao (r. 966–1001). Since 2018, Mamuka Bakhtadze has been the Prime Minister of Georgia. [96][97], In 2016, Georgia had median annual income per person of between $50,000 and $59,999, which is in inflation-adjusted dollars for 2016. The largest European ancestry groups are: In the 1980 census 1,584,303 Georgians claimed English ancestry out of a total state population of 3,994,817, making them 40% of the state, and the largest ethnic group at the time. Other notable basketball players are two times Euroleague champion Giorgi Shermadini and Euroleague players Manuchar Markoishvili and Viktor Sanikidze. The population of the Atlanta metropolitan area added 1.23 million people (24 percent) between 2000 and 2010, and Atlanta rose in rank from the eleventh-largest metropolitan area in the United States to the ninth-largest. Scheduled and chartered passenger ferry services link Georgia with Bulgaria,[218] Romania, Turkey and Ukraine. "[138], George W. Bush became the first sitting U.S. president to visit the country. The leading area of energy consumption is the industrial sector because Georgia "is a leader in the energy-intensive wood and paper products industry". [200][145][201], As of 2001, 54 percent of the population lived below the national poverty line but by 2006 poverty decreased to 34 percent, by 2015 it is 10.1 percent. Retrieved January 25, 2017. [137] A change to single-member districts has resulted in the African-American minority being able to elect representatives of its choice. [70] Georgia had 161 counties until the end of 1931, when Milton and Campbell were merged into the existing Fulton. [15], The colonial settlement of large numbers of Scottish American, English American and Scotch-Irish Americans in the mountains and piedmont, and coastal settlement by some English Americans and African Americans, have strongly influenced the state's culture in food, language and music. The Georgian envoy in Saint Petersburg reacted with a note of protest that was presented to the Russian vice-chancellor Prince Kurakin. [58] In May 1801, under the oversight of General Carl Heinrich von Knorring, Imperial Russia transferred power in eastern Georgia to the government headed by General Ivan Petrovich Lazarev. [249], The education system of Georgia has undergone sweeping modernizing, although controversial, reforms since 2004. For all other years: average annual numerical change over the preceding five year period. . Atlanta boasts the world's busiest airport, as measured both by passenger traffic and by aircraft traffic. The incorporation of the Golden Fleece into the myth may have derived from the local practice of using fleeces to sift gold dust from rivers. [24], The classical period saw the rise of a number of early Georgian states, the principal of which were Colchis in the west and Iberia in the east. On February 5, 1958, during a training mission flown by a B-47, a Mark 15 nuclear bomb, also known as the Tybee Bomb, was lost off the coast of Tybee Island near Savannah. The whites dealt with this problem of potential political power by the 1908 amendment, which in practice disenfranchised blacks and poor whites, nearly half of the state population. [73], White Democrats regained power after Reconstruction due in part to the efforts of some using intimidation and violence, but this method came into disrepute. [241] In the first half of the 4th century, Christianity was adopted as the state religion of Iberia (present-day Kartli, or eastern Georgia), following the missionary work of Saint Nino of Cappadocia. [114] Since the war, Georgia has maintained that Abkhazia and South Ossetia are occupied Georgian territories.[115][116]. As per estimates made by 2010, it is expected that the population of Georgia may touch almost 15 million. [25], The most popular freshwater game fish are trout, bream, bass, and catfish, all but the last of which are produced in state hatcheries for restocking. [155][156], In Georgia, law enforcement is conducted and provided for by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia. [133], The growing U.S. and European Union influence in Georgia, notably through proposed EU and NATO membership, the U.S. [120][121] The Georgia Aquarium, in Atlanta, was the largest aquarium in the world in 2010 according to Guinness World Records.[122]. Among other things a flat income tax was introduced in 2004. In 2002, incumbent moderate Democratic Governor Roy Barnes was defeated by Republican Sonny Perdue, a state legislator and former Democrat. In 1752, after the government failed to renew subsidies that had helped support the colony, the Trustees turned over control to the crown. The Dukes of Hazzard, a 1980s TV show, was set in the fictional Hazzard County, Georgia. Population par pays de naissance en Géorgie An estimate released in July 2015 suggested that the population of Georgia had risen to 10,214,860. [16] In 1908, the state established a white primary; with the only competitive contests within the Democratic Party, it was another way to exclude blacks from politics. Elaboration of data by United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. [131] Other historic sites and parks are supervised by the National Park Service and include the Andersonville National Historic Site in Andersonville; Appalachian National Scenic Trail; Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area near Atlanta; Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park at Fort Oglethorpe; Cumberland Island National Seashore near St. Marys; Fort Frederica National Monument on St. Simons Island; Fort Pulaski National Monument in Savannah; Jimmy Carter National Historic Site near Plains; Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park near Kennesaw; Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park in Atlanta; Ocmulgee National Monument at Macon; Trail of Tears National Historic Trail; and the Okefenokee Swamp in Waycross, Georgia[132]. The resulting influx of white settlers put pressure on the government to take land from the Cherokee Nation. [69] In addition, there are smaller courts which have more limited geographical jurisdiction, including Superior Courts, State Courts, Juvenile Courts, Magistrate Courts and Probate Courts. In 2009, Georgians paid 9% of their income in state and local taxes, compared to the U.S. average of 9.8% of income. [73] The revolution was led by Mikheil Saakashvili, Zurab Zhvania and Nino Burjanadze, former members and leaders of Shevardnadze's ruling party. On 13 April 2006, the discussion of the assessment report on implementation of the Individual Partnership Action Plan was held at NATO Headquarters, within 26+1 format. In terms of race and ethnicity, the state was 59.7% White (55.9% Non-Hispanic White alone), 30.5% Black or African American, 0.3% American Indian or Alaska Native, 3.2% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, 4.0% from some other race, and 2.1% from two or more races. [31], According to the 2014 U.S. [110] On 17 August, Russian president Dmitry Medvedev announced that Russian forces would begin to pull out of Georgia the following day. [38] She succeeded in neutralizing opposition and embarked on an energetic foreign policy aided by the downfall of the rival powers of the Seljuks and Byzantium. Julian Bond, a noted civil rights leader, was elected to the state House in 1965, and served multiple terms there and in the state senate. Savannah/Hilton Head International Airport is the second-busiest airport in the state as measured by passengers served, and is the only additional international airport. The Masters golf tournament, the first of the PGA tour's four "majors", is held annually the second weekend of April at the Augusta National Golf Club. The last Imeretian king and the last Georgian Bagrationi ruler, Solomon II, died in exile in 1815, after attempts to rally people against Russia and to enlist foreign support against the latter, had been in vain. An alternative derivation is 'big field' from Cumbric (Brythonic) gor cyn. [88], Georgia's 2018 total gross state product was $602 billion. As of 2010[update], the number of illegal immigrants living in Georgia more than doubled to 480,000 from January 2000 to January 2009, according to a federal report. White-tailed (Virginia) deer are in nearly all counties. [103], Georgia is a major railway hub, has the most extensive rail system in the Southeast, and has the service of two Class I railroads, CSX and Norfolk Southern, plus 24 short-line railroads. In 1121, he decisively defeated much larger Turkish armies during the Battle of Didgori and liberated Tbilisi. The political struggle for control over the public broadcaster have left it without a direction in 2014 too. He also conducts the highly philosophical toasts, and makes sure that everyone is enjoying themselves. Democratic candidates have tended to win a higher percentage of the vote in the areas where black voters are most numerous,[82] as well as in the cities among liberal urban populations (especially Atlanta and Athens), and the central and southwestern portion of the state. [citation needed], At higher elevations above 1,000 metres (3,281 ft) above sea level (particularly in the Tusheti, Khevsureti, and Khevi regions), pine and birch forests dominate. Upon the election of Mikheil Saakashvili in 2004 tensions rose between Abashidze and the Georgian government, leading to demonstrations in Adjara and the resignation and flight of Abashidze. Gingrich served as Speaker until 1999, when he resigned in the aftermath of the loss of House seats held by members of the GOP. [43], The 29-year reign of Tamar, the first female ruler of Georgia, is considered the most successful in Georgian history. For the five years through November 2017, Georgia has been ranked the top state (number 1) in the nation to do business, and has been recognized as number 1 for business and labor climate in the nation, number 1 in business climate in the nation, number 1 in the nation in workforce training and as having a "Best in Class" state economic development agency. Georgia Public Radio has been in service since 1984[145][146] and, with the exception of Atlanta, it broadcasts daily on several FM (and one AM) stations across the state. Despite the revitalization of the Iberian monarchy, remaining Georgian lands were divided among rival authorities, with Tbilisi remaining in Arab hands. [64], The 1918 Georgian–Armenian War, which erupted over parts of disputed provinces between Armenia and Georgia populated mostly by Armenians, ended because of British intervention. As of 2004[update], 7.7% of Georgia's population was reported as under 5 years of age, 26.4% under 18, and 9.6% were 65 or older. Archived from the original on January 26, 2017. The highest temperature ever recorded is 112 °F (44.4 °C) in Louisville on July 24, 1952,[29] while the lowest is −17 °F (−27.2 °C) in northern Floyd County on January 27, 1940. [citation needed], The general landscape of eastern Georgia comprises numerous valleys and gorges that are separated by mountains. South Ossetians were responsible for instigating this incident, which marked the opening of hostilities and injured five Georgian servicemen. [16], About 800,000 people in Georgia reported having Irish ancestry. Hot and humid summers are typical, except at the highest elevations. Georgia is bordered to the north by Tennessee and North Carolina, to the northeast by South Carolina, to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by Florida, and to the west by Alabama. The latter factor is felt chiefly in the mountainous areas of the northern part of the state, which are farther away from the ocean and can be 4500 feet (1350 m) above sea level. Georgia does not provide for townships or independent cities, though there have been bills proposed in the Legislature to provide for townships;[72] it does allow consolidated city-county governments by local referendum. Representatives were elected with Republicans winning nine seats (one winning with just 419 votes over the Democratic challenger, and one seat being lost).[83][84][85]. Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport moves over 650,000 tons of cargo annually through three cargo complexes (two million square feet of floor space). In 1980, construction was completed on an expansion of what is now named Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport (ATL). The Georgia Film, Music and Digital Entertainment Office promotes filming in the state. The Lesser Caucasus Mountains partially protect the region from the influence of dry and hot air masses from the south. Mingrelia, although a Russian protectorate since 1803, was not absorbed until 1867. There is also a Certified Specialist's Program that represents a single-level higher education program lasting from three to six years. [68] The Georgian uprising on Texel against the Germans was the last battle of the World War II in Europe. Legislative authority resides in the General Assembly, composed of the Senate and House of Representatives. The country has sizable hydropower resources. The Georgia Dome hosted the NCAA Final Four Men's Basketball National Championship in 2002, 2007, and 2013. Around the same time, the National Bank of Georgia stated that ongoing inflation in the country was mainly triggered by external reasons, including Russia's economic embargo. ; Georgia population is equivalent to 0.05% of the total world population. (includes boroughs, districts, urban agglomerations, etc.). Among Georgia's public universities is the flagship research university, the University of Georgia, founded in 1785 as the country's oldest state-chartered university and the birthplace of the American system of public higher education. It is calculated as the average number of children an average woman will have during her reproductive period (15 to 49 years old) based on the current fertility rates of every age group in the country, and assuming she is not subject to mortality. [citation needed], Simmering disputes within two regions of Georgia, Abkhazia and South Ossetia, between local separatists and the majority Georgian populations, erupted into widespread inter-ethnic violence and wars. The eternal snow and glacier zone lies above the 3,500-metre (11,483 ft) line in most areas of eastern Georgia. Owners of real property in Georgia pay property tax to their county. [198], Since coming to power the Saakashvili administration accomplished a series of reforms aimed at improving tax collection. [105] The war displaced 192,000 people,[106] and while many were able to return to their homes after the war, a year later around 30,000 ethnic Georgians remained displaced. [175] Georgia considers the regions as occupied by Russia. The Population of Georgia (1950 - 2019) chart plots the total population count as of July 1 of each year, from 1950 to 2019. While many textile jobs moved overseas, there is still a textile industry located around the cities of Rome, Columbus, Augusta, Macon and along the I-75 corridor between Atlanta and Chattanooga, Tennessee. The student must maintain a 3.2 or higher grade point average and attend a public college or university in the state. Their ancestry primarily goes back to the original thirteen colonies and for this reason many of them today simply claim "American" ancestry, though they are of predominantly English ancestry.[47][48][49][50]. The entire state, including the North Georgia mountains, receives moderate to heavy precipitation, which varies from 45 inches (1143 mm) in central Georgia[26] to approximately 75 inches (1905 mm) around the northeast part of the state. Also filmed in Georgia is The Vampire Diaries, using Covington as the setting for the fictional Mystic Falls. [108] The state sales tax in Georgia is 4%[109] with additional percentages added through local options (e.g. The population grew steadily while Georgia was part of the Soviet Union and during the first years of independence, rising from less than 4 million in the 1950s to a peak of 5.5 million in 1992. Stanley Lieberson and Mary C. Waters, 'Ethnic Groups in Flux: The Changing Ethnic Responses of American Whites', CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (, http://www.citypopulation.de/USA-Georgia.html, "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2011", https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/immigrants-in-georgia, "Table 03. [33], The city of Atlanta also has one of the highest LGBT populations per capita. Yellow jasmine and mountain laurel make up just a few of the flowering shrubs in the state. [247], In addition to traditional religious organizations, Georgia retains secular and irreligious segments of society (0.5 percent),[248] as well as a significant portion of religiously affiliated individuals who do not actively practice their faith. [70] In 1995, Shevardnadze was officially elected as president of Georgia. ; Georgia 2020 population is estimated at 3,989,167 people at mid year according to UN data. Rustavi International Motorpark originally built in 1978 was re-opened in 2012 after total reconstruction[278] costing $20 million. [222][n 1] The Georgian Jews are one of the oldest Jewish communities in the world. Western Georgia's landscape ranges from low-land marsh-forests, swamps, and temperate rainforests to eternal snows and glaciers, while the eastern part of the country even contains a small segment of semi-arid plains. [190] Throughout Georgia's modern history agriculture and tourism have been principal economic sectors, because of the country's climate and topography. Black Panther, I, Tonya, Stranger Things, and why MCU = ATL". [98] Russian forces occupied the Georgian cities of Zugdidi,[100] Senaki,[101] Poti,[102] and Gori (the last one after the ceasefire agreement was negotiated). There is an independent human rights public defender elected by the Parliament of Georgia to ensure such rights are enforced. After Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, a native Georgian, died in 1953, a wave of protest spread against Nikita Khrushchev and his de-Stalinization reforms, leading to the death of nearly one hundred students in 1956. The 1996 Summer Olympics took place in Atlanta. From the late 20th century, Atlanta attracted headquarters and relocated workers of national companies, becoming more diverse, liberal and cosmopolitan than many areas of the state. There are a number of performing arts venues in the state, among the largest are the Fox Theatre, and the Alliance Theatre at the Woodruff Arts Center, both on Peachtree Street in Midtown Atlanta as well as the Cobb Energy Performing Arts Centre, located in Northwest Atlanta. It then continues up the Tugaloo (originally Tugalo) and into the Chattooga River, its most significant tributary. Taking advantage of Atlanta's status as a transportation hub, in 1991 UPS established its headquarters in a suburb. [74], Following the Rose Revolution, a series of reforms were launched to strengthen the country's military and economic capabilities. Hispanics and Latinos of any race made up 8.8% of the population. WSB-TV in Atlanta is the state's oldest television station, having begun operations in 1948. ", "Southeast sees big influx of illegal immigrants", "Florida is about to ban sanctuary cities. [60], In the summer of 1805, Russian troops on the Askerani River near Zagam defeated the Iranian army during the 1804–13 Russo-Persian War and saved Tbilisi from reconquest now that it was officially part of the Imperial territories. The overall breakdown of religious affiliations was as follows:[32], The largest Christian denominations by number of adherents in 2000 were the Southern Baptist Convention with 1,719,484; the United Methodist Church with 570,674; and the Catholic Church with 374,185.

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